General Car Info Page 2
DCT Automatic Gearbox
A dual-clutch transmission is missing a clutch pedal, it’s hard to classify it as an automatic.
While most automatic transmissions rely on either a torque converter or, if it’s a CVT, a system of pulleys,
the dual-clutch transmission uses clutch plates, like a manual transmission.
Because of the unique way a dual-clutch transmission is set up, if you drive it like it’s an automatic transmission,
you’ll likely have a negative driving experience and can even seriously damage your transmission.
Understanding how a DCT functions and the advantages and disadvantages of this transmission style can help increase the
longevity of the transmission and contribute to an improvement in overall driving experience.
AUTOMATIC VS MANUAL TRANSMISSION
The transmission of a vehicle is the component that’s responsible for transforming the power of an engine into wheel movement.
Different styles of transmissions have different methods for doing this, but people primarily talk about transmissions in terms of
automatic or manual. Though this is an overly simplistic view, it does relay the ability of the car to transfer gears on its own.
While manual transmission vehicles require the driver to disengage the clutch by way of a pedal, change gears,
and then re-engage the clutch, automatics typically handle gear changes on their own thanks to a torque converter.
Though a torque converter and flexplate function similarly to a clutch and flywheel, these minor equipment differences lead
to very different driving styles.
The next time you’re at a stoplight, look around. Automatic drivers have a tendency to “creep," because their vehicles are always in
gear during normal operation. On the other hand, manual drivers often prefer to wait until there’s enough room to put their car
into gear before asking it to move. If you’re looking at an older manual vehicle, you'll likely see it roll back slightly on an
incline (yet another reason not to tailgate). Because of how a clutch truly engages and disengages with an engine, the way in
which manual and automatic drivers have to execute similar maneuvers is entirely different. This is determined by the needs of
their transmission, so you can understand why it’s so important to understand which camp the dual-clutch transmission falls into.
WHAT IS A DUAL CLUTCH TRANSMISSION?
Because it’s convenient to have an automatic transmission some of the time but most enthusiasts want a little more control
of their gearing, "manumatic" or semi-automatic transmissions, have become an increasingly popular style of transmission.
Though they’re lumped into the same category, how semi-automatic transmissions accomplish the same goal takes a variety of different paths.
One of those paths is the dual-clutch transmission.
A dual-clutch transmission is a transmission with at least two clutch discs, one for the even-numbered gears and one for the
odd-numbered gears. Much like with a sequential transmission, the gears go in order, but instead of relying on the driver to tell
it when to switch gears, the dual-clutch transmission swaps automatically. Almost all vehicles that have a DCT also have a manual
mode though, and you can use paddle shifters to manually shift gears if you’d like. In that way, DCTs are a hybrid transmission system,
not fully automatic or fully manual.
Some consider DCTs an automatic transmission because most of the time the gear shifts are automatic. Others consider it a manual
because it still relies on a clutch plate and its gear shifting process (including the engine engagement and disengagement) is
like a manual’s.
Really, the problem is that we’ve based so much of our understanding of what a car’s transmission is on the driver’s part of
the equation that we’ve oversimplified a category that’s meant to be significantly broader. There are a lot of different types
of transmissions, and saying that a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and a dual-clutch transmission are the same just
because neither requires the driver to manually shift illustrates the problems of the distinction and why it’s hard to speak in
absolutes about all transmissions that can automatically shift.
Wet vs Dry Dual Clutch Transmissions
Within the category of DCTs, one important distinction between different models is whether or not it’s a wet or dry clutch.
More powerful vehicles require wet clutch dual transmissions, which just means that oil is used in order to help dissipate the heat
that naturally builds up on the clutch plate.
Dry dual-clutch transmissions are more common and have several benefits as well. Dry clutches tend to be lighter,
have less drag, and obviously are less likely to have spills or splash over. Unfortunately, they are also more prone to overheating.
DUAL-CLUTCH TRANSMISSION PROS AND CONS
The benefits of DCTs speak for themselves. Faster shifting, less loss of power, and more fuel efficiency.
The negatives are that there’s a bit of a learning curve to using them, they tend to have a little more jerkiness than the
average driver is comfortable with, and they have a driving sensation that feels a lot like “turbo lag.” Until recently,
there also weren’t very many vehicles available that offered a dual-clutch transmission, so selection was also incredibly limited.
DUAL-CLUTCH TRANSMISSIONS: PROS AND CONS
PRO: Faster Shifts
CON: Learning Curve
PRO: More Horsepower at Wheels
CON: Potential for Jerkiness
PRO: Improved Fuel Economy
CON: Few Vehicles Equipped with DCT (but increasing)
PRO: Freedom to Shift or Relax
CON: Expensive to replace
Drivers who are interested but wary about the longevity of a dual-clutch transmission can brush up on some driving strategies
that can help extend the life of their transmission by alleviating stressors.
HOW TO DRIVE A DUAL CLUTCH TRANSMISSION
Dual clutch transmissions really are a hybrid transmission system and as such there are a few tips that are going to be
surprising and novel whether your daily is a manual or an automatic.
Stop Inching
One bad habit many have gotten into is inching up slowly when traffic is at a standstill or when they’re waiting on a light to change.
By keeping your foot hovering above the brake you’re able to crawl forward in increments so small that over the course of a year you
maybe gain six feet. Honestly, it’s a habit with few positive benefits anyway, but in a DCT it can actually harm the vehicle.
Manual drivers tend to wait until they have enough space to drive to actually throw their car into gear and have it be worth it,
and that’s the attitude you need to adopt when driving a DCT vehicle. Otherwise, you’re “slipping the clutch” which can cause undue
wear and tear on the clutch wheels.
A DCT transmission can inch forward, so if there’s a compelling reason to do so, don’t hesitate. But if you’re trying to take care
of your car (and you should), then inching up is a habit that’s easy to drop and has absolutely no downsides whatsoever.
We promise that those centimeters aren’t going to amount to much at the end of the day, and you'll get to your destination in the
same amount of time.
No Need for Neutral
Though manual drivers may be used to throwing their transmission into neutral when they’re stopped at a light, there’s no reason
to do so in a DCT equipped vehicle. The transmission will force the clutch to disengage when it feels the brake pedal being applied.
Brake on the Inclines
If you’re used to driving an automatic, then you’ve probably been stopped on a mild incline in the past, foot off the brake pedal,
with nothing but your torque converter holding you in place. And torque converters can handle that, but DCTs will incur some wear
and tear from this. This is similar to a traditional manual transmission because asking clutch discs to hold a car in place is
really a lot to ask from the clutch of your vehicle if you want it to live a long and healthy life. Use your brakes so that they’re
taking the strain rather than the clutch. This goes for parking as well, when you really should engage your parking brake so that
it can be what holds your vehicle in place.
DCT: NOT A MANUAL, NOT AN AUTOMATIC
Sure, a DCT isn’t a true manual, and many purists will argue that you lose the feel of changing your own gears.
But you’ll notice those same purists aren’t in a hurry to pull the synchros out of their stick shift transmission and try to
pull off gear changes without some assistance. The truth is that very few of us have lived in an era where shifts were totally
unassisted. How you use that assistance is also a valuable skill, and unlike a continuously variable transmission, a DCT has true
gears that are shifted and give you the feeling of driving a manual. With paddle shifters, the only thing you’re really missing out
on is clutch pedal feel and the cool factor associated with grabbing your shifter and flinging it around like a Fast and the Furious
extra. The DCT can pull off gear shifts much faster than a human foot will ever be capable of, and if you know what you’re doing,
they can also be a lot of fun.
A few people will have a habit of knocking a DCT shifter into neutral or sport mode without realising they have done so due to the
fact it is not an automatic gearbox. Keep your hand away and remember if you want some fun then flick the shifter down and use the paddles!
Taken from a post by Daz Ramanus, on the MG HS UK Owners facebook page.